The 10 Commandments were written several thousand years ago. God’s people, the Children of Israel, were slaves in Egypt. These were the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and Joseph who went into Egypt during the famine. They endure hardship and sufferings at the hands of the Egyptians and cry out for God to save them. He hears their cries and sends Moses to deliver them.
They leave Egypt crossing the Red Sea in an amazing moment of God’s power.
After God led the Children of Israel out of slavery in Egypt, He called Moses to the top of a mountain. There, God gave Moses the 10 Commandments—important instructions written by God’s own finger on stone tablets. These commands would help His people know how to live in a way that honored Him.
But that’s not all God gave Moses. He also shared over 600 other instructions for living in the wilderness, and detailed plans for building a special place called the Tabernacle, where God’s presence would be with His people.
All of these instructions together became known as the Law of Moses or the Old Law. The Hebrews called it the Torah, which is the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
While God was giving Moses everything His people would need, something very sad was happening at the bottom of the mountain. The Israelites were growing impatient. Instead of waiting for Moses to return, they made a golden idol from the riches they had brought from Egypt—and they began to worship it.
These were the same people who had seen God’s amazing power: He parted the Red Sea to lead them out of Egypt! And yet, they forgot so quickly. Even with just 10 commandments, the people struggled to obey. But God was faithful. He gave them rules and boundaries not to be mean or strict, but to help them live in His holy presence.
For hundreds of years, God’s people looked forward to the day when the promised Messiah would come—the One who would save them once again. That Savior is Jesus, God’s only Son. He came to be the perfect sacrifice, the Lamb of God who would die on the cross and take away the sin of the world.
Jesus fulfilled the Law of Moses and gave us a New Covenant. God’s laws were no longer just written on stone tablets—they would now be written on the hearts of those who follow Him.
In our 10 Commandments – Connecting to Christ Bible Resource we walk you through the Old and New Testament to connect how they apply to your life.